Paper making machine



Jan. 15, 1935. H. 1.. KUTTER PAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed ma 29, 1933 4Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 15, 1935.

H. L. KUTTER 1,988,247

PAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed May 29, 1933 4 Sheqjs-Sheet 2 I I I IIIHIIIJan. 15, 1935. H. L, KUTTER PAPER MAKING, MACHINE Filed may 29, 1953 4Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 15, 1935. KUTTER 1,988,247

PAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed May 29, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 til PatentedJan. 15, 1935 V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE The Black-Clawson Company,Hamilto a corporation of Ohio Application May 29, 1933, Serial No.613,450

18 Claims.

This invention relates to a paper making machine of the Fourdriniertype.

. It is an object of the invention to provide a Fourdrinier machinewhich is of simple and light weight construction throughout, and whichis so constructed that it operates in a most efflcient manner to producea high. quality of paper.

Itis also an object to provide a novel construction' of the wet end ofthe forming machine which enables the production of an improved sheet ofpaper and provides for a better interfelting of the fibers and controlof the characteristics of the sheet while the initial formation istaking place.

It is a further object to provide in a machine of this character meansfor assuring that the stock is deposited on the forming wire in thedesired uniform manner and that a proper in; terfelting of the fibers isproduced where efiec tive to give a sheet of superior characteristics.

Other objects and advantages wil be apparent from the followingdescription, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.

' In the drawings,-

Figs. 1 and 1A show a side elevation of a Fourdrinier machineconstructed in accordance with the present invention, Fig. 1A fittingupon the end of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 is a partial plan view looking down upon the machine, theFourdrinier wire being removed to more clearly show the construction -ofthe forming table and the shake mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the forming table on theline 3-3 of Fig. 1;

I Fig. 4 is a partial vertical sectional view on the line 44 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view through another of the sections of aforming table on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view -on the line 66 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view through the head box and slicearrangement on the line 'l-7 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 8 is a verticalsectional view on the line 88 of Fig. 7; and h Fig.9 is a broken end elevational view looking toward the head box.

According to the present invention, a very simple and light weightconstruction is provided in which all boxtype girders or the like on theforming table are eliminated. The oper-- ation of changing the wire isfacilitated by providing a forming table which is divided into sectionseach having a light weight construction,

the stock and a resultant fuzzy .sheet.

certain of the sections being laterally removable and eaclr sectionbeing relatively small and light in weight as compared with the entiretable. Another section is adapted to be given a lateral shaking motionand because of its light weight'construction, it can be vibrated at highspeed and/oramplitudes'with a minimum of driving energy and ofdepreciation on the machine. This latter section is constructed-so thatit can be readily disassembled and the necessary parts removed alongwith the removable section when it is desired to change the wire. A

Furthermoremeans are provided for assuring that the stock is depositedon the forming wire .in the desired uniform manner and that a properinterfelting of the fibers is produced where efiective to give a sheetof superior characteristics. In the past it has been customary toprovide means at the breast roll end of the machine where the stock isintroduced into the forming wire to prevent the too rapid escape ofwater downwardly through the forming wire,

this means usually being the form of an apron, or imperforate shield,extending from the head box forwardly over the top of the forming wirefor a suitable distance: According to the present invention no apron isused, but the rate of discharge of the stock through a suitable slice iscontrolled by forming a throttling pathway of relatively limited extentbelow the initial-portion of the forming wire so as to prevent suchrapid discharge through this initial area as to cause an upending of thefibres of The pathway is provided between a breast roll of lateralshaking motion, and a forming board adjacent thereto; these two partshave their point of closest approach beneath the wire and the spacing atthis point is less than the exposed area of the initial section of theforming wire between the breast roll and the forming board. This pathwayis of-such controlled dimensions with respect to the exposed portion ofthe formrelatively large diameter, which may be given a" second slice isw forming board on which the wire, as it travels under the slice, issupported, provides a stationary smooth surface which in conjunctionwith the slices, provides an accurate aperture for accurately gaging thedepth of the stock and preventing inequalities in the distributionthereof.

Provision is also made for assuring that the stock, as it flows from thehead box, will be in the desired state of agitation and that the properinterfelting of the fibers will be produced as the formation proceeds.

Referring to the drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment of theinvention, there is shown a breast roll at 10. The roll is mounted forshaking movement upon a pair of vertically arranged spring supports 11and similar horizontal spring supports 12, said supports beingpositioned at opposite endsof the breast roll to support the same from abase 13. A head box is indicated at 14 from which the stock flows ontothe traveling Fourdrinier wire 15. A deckle device consisting of adeckle strap 16, or any other suitable type of deokle device may be usedif desired.

Located forwardly of the breast roll is the forming table which, in theembodiment shown, comprises a first section 20, a second section 21, anda third section 22, these sections being substantially of theproportions shown, although these proportions may be changed or variedto meet any desired conditions.

Section 20 of the forming table is mounted for removability but does nothave any shaking motion. ,In addition to its lateral removability, it isalso mounted for vertical adjustment at each end. This section issupported from base pedestals 24 located adjacent the ends thereof.

. Each pedestal carries a vertically adjustable bracket 25 which forms asupport for a laterally extending tubular track 26. An adjusting nut 27threadedly mounted in a projection 28 of the pedestal serves toadjustably position the bracket and the track carried thereby.

A roller 30 mounted upon each side of the section is adapted to rideupon the track and to carry the side rail 31. The side rails carry thebearings 32 in which the individual table rolls 33 are journaled. Thebearings are shown as removed in Fig. 1 to more clearly show theconstruction of this section.

The side rails are likewise provided with downwardly extending lips 35which overlie the upper end of each of the pedestals 24' to serve as anabutment to limit the motion of the section toward its inner operativeposition. The lip is formed with an elongated slot 38 through whichextends a pin mounted in the pedestal. A nut 37 is threaded onto the endof the pin to hold the section in operative position. The constructionis such that the pin permits vertical adjustment of each end of thesection to the limit of the slot and after being adjusted the nut istightened and the entiresection is then held in the desired operatingposition.

When it is desired to remove the section, it will be understood thatextension tracks 40, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, are mounted uponthe extended end of brackets 25, the other end .of the extension trackbeing supported from the machine floor by a removable bracket in a knownmanner. This provides a removable track which is only assembled in placefor the period of the removal and consequently the floor space adjacentthe machine is not perma'nently taken up with this track mechanism. Ifdesired, in place of using table rolls for supporting the initialsection of the wire, immediately after it leaves the breast roll, aforming board may be used. As illustrated in Fig. 1', an extending arm45 is formed on the end of each table rail 31, extending toward thebreast roll, upon which the forming board 46 is supported. Thisconstruction provides therefore, for supporting the forming boardentirely from the first section of the forming table and consequentlythe forming board, having no operative conriection with any otherportion of the machine, is readily removed along with this section ofthe forming table and'changing of the wire is thereby furtherfacilitated. It will also be noted that at no point does any of theremovable portion of the machine extend above or below the wire, andconsequently it is not necessary to dismantle any portion of thissection when it is removed, as it freely slides out laterally of thewire.

As shown in Fig. 7, the forming board 46 is also of light weightcontruction and comprises a hopper section 47 and a plurality oflaterally extending spaced. bars 48 supported thereon, each of the barscarrying a replaceable top plate 49. The. material used for theconstruction of the hopper and the bars is preferably a light weightmetal such as aluminum, and the plates are preferably formed of aphenolic condensation product such as bakelite, which will provide adesirably smooth bearing surface for the wire, which is of relativelylight weight, and which will not be subject to rust or deterioration. Insuch case, the plates are screwed into position on the cross bars bymeans of screws 50 which are also of bakelite, thereby assuring uniformand even wear upon the forming board so as to .prevent any possibilityof ridges or the like being formed which would produce uneven wear onthe wire and unevenness in the characteristics-of the formed paper. Thespacing of the bars is such as to give the proper rate of drainage ofwater through the wire at this point.

The section 21 of the forming table is located at the point where thestock has reached the desired consistency for an effective shakingaction to take place. This point will vary with various conditions ofstock, wire speed, etc., but

generally will be substantially as indicated, in the middle third of theforming table. This section comprises a. number of table rolls, thenumber of which should be such as to provide for giving the desiredlateral shaking motion to the wire.

This section is mounted for lateral shaking movement but it is notremovable from the machine in the manner of section 20. It comprises apair of table rails 60 which carry the bearings 61 in which the tablerails 62 of this section are journaled. The table rails 60 at each sideof the machine and at each end of the section are supported by a pair ofspring supports 63 which in turn are carried by bracket members 64. Thebrackets are mounted for vertical sliding adjustment upon the adjacentpedestals 24 and adjusting screws 65 provide for giving the desiredvertical adjustment to the section. Pairs nated from this section and itis therefore capable of vibrating at the desired rate and ampliandcomplicated construction has been elimitude to produce proper fiberinterfelting without requiring the vibrating of an entire and massiveforming table.

The third section 22 of the forming table is located immediately inadvance of the shaking section 21, andis similar to section 20 in thatit is not mounted for shaking movement but is adaptedto be laterallyremoved from within the wire. Briefly, this section comprises side rails'70 which support bearings '12 in which the table rolls are journaled.The side rails are mounted upon rollers 73 which are adapted to run upontracks '74, the tracks in turn being supported and vertically adjustableby means of brackets '75 supported from pedestals 24 respectively. Theside rail adjacent the one side of the machine is similarly providedwith downwardly extending lip portions having guide slots and retainingnuts as described above with respect to section 20.

This section is also formed with a pair of cross braces 76 in the formof transversely extending tubes fastened to the side rails by means offlanges 77. This provides a very strong but light weight means for tyingtogether the two parallel side rails of the section. It will beunderstood that this section may be adjusted vertically and removed onextension tracks '18 in the same manner as section20.

By means of the vertical adjustment at each end of each section of theforming table, the

. wire may be given an inclined travel, either upwards or downwardsaccording to the particular operating characteristics desired. Or thecentral section may be either raised or lowered with respect to theother sections.

In advance of the last section of table rolls, is the usual suction boxconstruction 80 comprising a plurality of suction boxes adapted to beremoved laterally when it is desired to change the wire. The couch rollis shown at 81 around which the wire turns, and passing over the usualguide and tensioning rolls, it returns underneath the machine to thebreast roll. The breast and couch rolls are removably mounted so thatthey can be removed axially when the wire is changed.

In Fig. 2 is shown the means whereby shake is imparted to the wire. Ashaft 90, suitably J'ournaled, is driven from any suitable source ofpower, as by means of a rope drive 91 from a motor. The shaft extendsalong the side of the machine and opposite the breast roll an eccentric92 is mounted on the shaft and connected with the bearing support 93 ofthe breast roll by means of a bar 94 and a spring link 95. It is to beunderstood that in accordance with the usual practice the eccentriccollar produces an axial vibration in the breast roll which is somounted on its spring supports 11 and 12 that an oscillating movement insubstantially a single plane is provided. The spring link 95 furtherpermits this free axial movement without interference from thedriving-connections.

The same shaft 90 is likewise provided with eccentric collars 96 and 97opposite shaking section 21 of the forming table and similar shakingconnections are made from the collars to the shaking section. Theseconnections comprise bars 98 and spring links 99. This likewise providesfor a substantially 'uniplanar shaking movement in section 21.

If desired an intermediate shaking connection may be made to the wireguide roll 100, located on the lower travel of the Fburdrinier wire andadapted to support this wire in its travel from the tensioning mechanismto the breast roll. Roll 100 is supported on spring supports 101 andsimilar eccentric connections comprising collar 102, bar 103 and springlink 104 serve to produce similar vibrating action in this roll. Thedegree of travel of this roll is usually intermediate thatof the breastroll and the zero travel of the wire guide roll so that unnecessary wearon the wire is avoided.

Suitable means are provided in each of the eccentric devices forproviding for a variable degree of throw or eccentricity. This means maytake any desired form such as one eccentric cated within another, bothbeing adjustable, and hence has not been illustrated in detail. It willbe understood therefore that although the breast roll, the shakingportion of the table rolls, and the wire guide roll all shake with thesame frequency and preferably in the same phase relationship, it ispossible to vary the amplitude of shake at each of the points, or ifdesired, to shake either the breast roll alone or the table roll sectionalone. It is usually preferred, however, to shake the breast roll with astroke of approximately and to shake the table roll section with agreater amplitude, of the order of to A". The frequency of the shake isusually between 150 and 400 shakes per minute. 1

A save-all construction is provided which is very simple and extremelylight so that the overall weight of the entire machine is furtherreduced. The save-all construction further is of such character that itdoes not interfere with the previously described simple method ofchanging the wire. A trough 110 is provided which is supported inposition underneath section 20 of the forming table. As indicated, thetrough lies below the top run of the wire and above the return run sothat it will be freely removable laterally with its section of theforming table. The trough comprises a pair of oppositely facing U-shapedbrackets 111 which are attached by means of bolts 112 to the'bottoms ofside rails 31. A plate 113 extending between the two brackets forms thebottom of the trough and plates 114 form the ends thereof. It will beunderstood that these 'last named plates are attached in any suitablemanner, as for instance by welding, to brackets 111. The brackets 111therefore serve the dual purpose of forming the trough and likewise areeffective in securely tying the opposite side rails 31 of this sectiontogether, eliminating the necessity for additional reinforcing membersthat would increase the weight of the section. The trough is very simpleand of light weight so that no great additional weight is added to thissection such as would increase the difliculties of its removal.

A save-all comprising a pan 120 has its forward end supported upon theside of trough 110 and extends toward the breast roll so as to underliethe forming board 46. The end of the save-all adjacent the breast rollmay be supported from arm 45 by means of bracket 121. A doctor 122 islikewise carried by the save-all and is adapted to engage the surface ofthe breast roll so as to collect and discharge into the saveall thewhite water draining through the initial portion of the forming wire.That portion of the white water draining through the forming board isalso discharged into save-all 120 and thence into trough 110. The doctor122 is pivotally mounted upon the save-all so that it can be swung awayfrom the breast roll when it is desired to remove the breast rollincident to the changing of a wire. Further as indicated in Fig. 3, thesave-all pan can be very simply constructed of side angle pieces 124 towhich is fastened a bottom plate 125. The construe-'- tion furthermoreis of such character that the save-all assembly is directly removablewith section 20 of the forming table.

A save-all also extends under the remaining portion of the forming tableand likewise discharges collected white water into trough 110. Itcomprises angles extending longitudinally of the machine to which areattached in any suitable manner, such for instance as by welding, bottomplates 131. The save-all is formed in a plurality of separable parts orsections as indicated in Fig. 6, the adjacent ends of the sectionsoverlapping as shown at 132.

Where it underlies section 22 of the forming table, the save-all issupported on the cross braces 76, and at its lower end is supported uponthe trough 110. Where it underlies the shaking section 21, however, itis desirable to support the same in such manner that it has noconnection with the shaking section. For this purpose a cross beam 133extends between the two pedestals 24 adjacent the ends of this section.Consequently the beam 133 remains stationary during the shaking movementpf this section. The save-all is supported from these beams 133 by meansof transversely extending angles 134 which are notched as shown at 135adjacent the inner edge of each 01' the beams so that in this way aproper alignment and firm and rigid support of the save-all is assured.It will further be understood that the parts or sections of the save-allunderlying the shaking section 21 may be easily separated from theiroperative positions and vtelescoped together into the'trough 110 and inthis way they are entirely removed and do not interfere with theoperation of changing the wire, the n art or,nartsaunderl z iaaaeeot W21i.

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, A pair of side plates 150 are positioned at each side of the wire anda sealing member 151 located on the outer side of each plate at the basethereof contacts the wire and prevents lateral escape of the stock. Asimilar sealing member 1511:. ispositioned within the head box for thesame purpose. The side plates are. attached to a flange 152 of the headbox, an extension 153 being formed on the end wall 141 of the head boxand overlying the top of each plate to hold the same in position. Bolts154 passing through flange 152 and through cooperating right angularlyextending flange 155 of the plates secures the plates in operativeposition. Additional attaching holes 156 are also formed in fl'ange 155to provide for varying the lateral position of the plates. The platespreferably are formed with bearing means 157 for the deckle roll 158.

Interconnecting means, comprising brackets 159 bolted respectively tothe slice plate and to each side plate and having elongated slots 159aand 15% on its right angularly related faces, serves to firmly supportthe side plates from the slice plate and provides for the desiredadjustment of the slice by merely loosening one or the other or bothbolts and sliding them in their respective slots simultaneously with themovement of the slice either vertically or horizontally. A suitable foamshower 1590 may also be provided intermediate the first and secondslices.

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sired state of agitation and that any tendency of the fibersto alignthemselves is overcome. For this purpose an agitating device is mountedwithin the head box adjacent the point where the stock'is dischargedonto the wire. This device comprises a pair of transversely extendingrods 160 located one above the other, upon which are mounted at spacedintervals thin plates or fins 161. The rods are adjustably carried bymeans of an arm 162 which is suitably slotted as indicated at 163 toprovide for varying the vertical position of the agitating elements.Nuts 164 serve to hold the rods in any desired position on the arms. Aspring means 165 extending downwardly into the head box is provided oneach side thereof, the upper end of the spring means being attached tothe upper end of arms 162. The relative construction of the spring means165 and the arms 162 is such that as vibration is applied to the end ofthe am as at 166, the deflection will practically all occur in themember 165 and lateral oscillating motion will then be transmitted tothe agitating devices with a resultant agitation of the stock. The meansfor vibrating the device has been indicated generally at .167 and asuitable means.

has been disclosed in detail in applicant's copending application SerialNo. 665,114 filed April 8, 1933, to which reference is hereby made. Itwill be evident therefore that the stock is first placed in such a stateof agitation that there is practically no tendency for the fibers toalign themselves, and then supplied in this state and v at a controlledrate to the wire.

Between the first and second slice only a rather limited amount ofdraining action can take place because the space between the breast rolland the forming board is limited and insufficient to permit unimpededdraining of thewater at this point. As indicated there is a throttlingpathway 170 through which the water draining through the initial sectionof the forming wire 1'71 must pass. The breast roll is made of relatively large diameter and the forming board is positioned closelyadjacent thereto and is so formed that there is an area below the wire,

. between the breast roll and the forming board which is of less widththan the exposed area of the wire. construction therefore controls andlimits thedrainage' taking place through such initial section to no morethan the quantity of water that can pass through the throttling pathway,and too rapid drainage is thereby prevented.

Formation therefore is somewhat retarded and stock is continuallysupplied as the wire approaches the second slice. As the wire passesover the forming board, drainage therethrough is also limited by thespacing of the plates 49 of the board so that no excessive flow of waterthrough the wire is permitted at any point in the initial formativeperiod such as might cause upending of the stock with a resultant fuzzysheet.

The proper interfelting of the fibers is brought about by first placingthem in a state of agitation and disalignment at the time of theirintroduction onto the'forming wire through the action of oscillatingfins 161, and then subjecting the partially formed sheet to a shakingmotion at the breast roll, or at the central shaking section of theforming table. or both, accompanied by a controlled rate of draining ofthe water, particularly at the initial part of the formation period.Thus a high quality sheet of 1. A wet end construction for aFourdrinier' machine of the character described comprising abreast roll,a head box, a first slice located substantially over said breast roll, aforming table, a forming board spaced from the breast roll to provide aninitial free drainage portion of the wire, the forming board approachingthe breast roll beneath the wire to form a throttling pathway to limitthe rate of drainage through said initial portion to a predeterminedamount, and a second slice located over said forming ard.

2. A Fourdrinier machine comprising a breast roll, a forming wire, aforming board positioned in advance of the breast roll providing asmooth and stationary support for the wire, said forming board beingspaced from the breast roll to provide an initial free' drainage portionof. the wire, the forming roll beneath the wire to form a throttlingpathway to limit the rate of drainage through said initial portion to apredetermined amount, a first slice, and a second slice positionedsubstantially above said forming board and forming therewith an accurateaperture for the flow of stock onto the wire. I

3. A Fourdrinier machine having a breast roll,

board approaching the breast a wire, a forming table, a forming boardspaced from the breast roll in the direction of travel of the wire toprovide an initial free drainage portion of the wire, the forming boardapproaching the breast roll beneath the wire to form a throttlingpathway to limit the rate of drainage through said portion of the wireto a predetermined amount, of a. multiple slice arrangement forsupplyingthe stock to said wire, said slice arrangement comprising afirst slice adapted to supply stock to said wire at substantially thepoint where the wire leaves the breast roll, means for adjusting thedepth of said slice, a second slice adapted to deliver additional stockto the wire over said forming board, means to adjust the depth of saidsecond slice, and additional means providing for adjusting thelongitudinal position of said second slice over the forming board. a

4. A Fourdrinier machine comprising a breast roll, a forming wire, aforming board positioned in advance of the breast roll, and approachingsaid breast roll beneath the wire to form therewith a throttling pathwayof such controlled dimensions with respect to the exposed portion of theforming wire between the breast roll and the forming board, that thedrainage of the stock through said portion of the wire is limited to apredetermined amount, and a slice positioned directly over said formingboard to provide an accurately maintained opening for the introductionof stock onto the forming wire.

5.- A Fourdrinier machine comprising a head box supplied with paperforming stock, a breast roll, a traveling wire adapted to receive paperdelivery to said wire,- andmeans for producing a shaking motion in saidstock after it has been deposited upon said wire, comprising a pluralityof fins positioned adjacentv the point of discharge of said head box, asupport for said fins extending above the level of the stock in the headbox, and means above said stock level for moving said support tocause-vibration of said fins.

6. Fourdri'nier machine comprising a head box supplied with paperforming stock, a breast roll, a traveling wire adapted to receive paperforming stock from saidhead box, means for overcoming the tendency ofthe fibers to align themselves as the stock is discharged from the headbox comprising agitating fins located within the head box adjacent thepoint of discharge, a relatively stifi supporting arm for saidfinsextending above the level of the stock in said head box, a yieldingsupporting member attached to said arm and having a fixed support, andmeans for applying reciprocating motion to said supporting arm above thelevel of the stock in said head box, said yielding supporting memberflexing and said supporting arm transmitting the motion to produce avibration of said fins.

7. In a Fourdrinier machine of the character described, a forming boardcomprising 'a light weight hopper construction, transversely extendingbars supported by said hopper, and top bearing plates of a phenoliccondensation product positioned on said bars adapted to support atraveling wire and to control the passage of water therethrough.

8. In a Fourdrinier machine of the character described, a forming boardadapted to be positioned between the breast roll and a forming table,said forming board comprising a plurality of transversely extending,smooth, nonrusting supporting plates, said plates being spacedlongitudinally of the wire and serving to control the rate of fiow ofstock downwardly through the wire, a frame on which said plates aremounted, and means composed of the same material as said plates forfastening said plates to said frame whereby uniform wear will occur overthe surface of the plates.

9. A Fourdrinier machine of the character described having a sectionalforming table,, said table comprising an initial section having fixedtable rolls and side rails, and a subsequent section having table rollsand side rails arranged for lateral vibration, and means for vibratingsaid subsequent section.

10. A Fourdrinier machine comprising a sectional forming table, certainof said sections being removable as a unit and nonshaking, and anotherof said sections being nonremovable and shakable. I

11. A Fourdriniermachine having a sectional forming table comprising asection adjacent the breast roll, means for supporting said initialsection to provide for lateral removal thereof from within the wire, asubsequent section located substantially at the central portion of saidforming table, and spring means for supporting said subsequent sectionto provide for shaking motion thereof.

12. A Fourdinier machine comprising a breast roll and a sectionalforming table, said forming table having a nonshaking section locatedforwardly of said breast roll, a shaking section located forwardly ofsaid nonshaking section, a shaking section located in advance of thenonshaking section, and an additional nonshaking section locatedforwardly of said shaking section, both said nonshaking sections beinglaterally removable from within the Fourdinier wire.

13. A Fourdrinier machine of the character described comprising a breastroll, a traveling wire, a forming board, and a sectional forming table,means providing for removing the initial section of said forming tablelaterally from within said wire, and means mounted on said section forsupporting said forming board to remove said forming board with saidremovable section.

14. A Fourdrinier machine of the character described comprising a breastroll and a sectional forming table, said sectional forming tableincluding nonshaking sections and a shaking section, a save-allunderlying each of said sections, and means on said nonshaking sectionsfor supporting said save-all so that it is free of contact with saidshaking section.

15. A Fourdrinier machine of the character described comprising atraveling wire, a sectional forming table, certain of the sections ofthe forming table being laterally removable from within the wire, one ofthe sections being nonremovable, a save-all underlying said formingtable, and a trough into which said save-all is adapted to discharge thewater withdrawn through said wire, the portion of said save-allunderlying the, nonremovable section of the forming table being movablelongitudinally thereof so that it lies within the confines of theremovable portion of the forming table, the entire save-all and troughbeing laterally removable with said removable sections.

of the character described comprising a plurality of separate sections,means for supporting an intermediate one of said sections .to providefor shaking movement thereof, and means for independently adjusting theelevation of each of said sections.

17. A forming table for a Fourdrinier machine comprising a firstnonshaking section located adjacent the breast roll, means forsupporting said section to provide for lateral removal thereof fromwithin the wire, and a shaking section located forwardly of said firstsection, means for supporting said section providing for shaking thereofwithout providing for lateral removal, and means for adJusting theelevation of each end of each of said sections.

18. A Fourdrinier machine comprising a breast roll, a traveling formingwire, a forming board spaced from said breast roll to provide an initialdrainage area of limited extent, said forming board also providing forcontrolled drainage therethrough, a collecting pan forcollecting drainedwhite water passing through said forming board, and means for directingthe white water passing through said initial drainage area into saidcollecting pan.

HERMAN L. KUTTER.

